DAKWAH DI ERA ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: Proses Adopsi Inovasi, Limitasi, dan Resistensi
Abstract
Abstract : Artificial Intelligence also contributes and has an impact on changing da'wah activities. This study aims to describe the process of adopting innovation, limitations, and resistance to using AI in da'wah activities. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques in literature studies, documentation, media observation, and thematic analysis techniques. The results of this study are 1) Adoption of AI innovations for da'wah is included in the category of Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) such as translation applications, interpretation of the Qurán, prayer applications, Qibla directions, Islamic chatbots, and applications for reading and memorizing the Qurán. 2) Limitations on using AI for da'wah include: limited understanding of the Islamic religion, potentially biased information, lack of sensitivity and empathy, lack of understanding of cultural contexts, cannot replace human interaction, privacy, and data security issues. Even though it has limitations, AI has objectivity in analyzing, is consistent, and is not influenced by emotions compared to Islamic authorities who have different interpretations, and there is emotional involvement. 3) Resistance to the use of AI in da'wah is yet to be very visible because the representation of Islamic authorities, categorized into the early adopters and innovators category, has not shown too much skepticism and is slow in adopting AI.
Abstrak : Artificial Intelligence turut berkontribusi dan memberikan dampak dalam mengubah aktivitas dakwah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bagaimana proses adopsi inovasi, limitasi dan resistensi penggunaan AI dalam aktivitas dakwah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi literatur, dokumentasi dan observasi, dan menggunakan teknik analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian ini adalah 1) Adopsi inovasi AI untuk dakwah masuk dalam kategori Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) seperti aplikasi terjemahan, tafsir Alquran, aplikasi doa, shalat, arah kiblat, chatbot Islami, dan aplikasi baca maupun menghafal Alqur’an. 2) Limitasi penggunaan AI untuk dakwah diantaranya: keterbatasan pemahaman agama Islam, berpotensi bias informasi, tidak memiliki sensitivitas dan empati, kurang meemahami konteks budaya, tidak bisa menggantikan interaksi manusia , masalah privasi dan keaman data. Meskipun mempunyai limitasi tapi AI mempunyai obyektifitas dalam menganalisis, konsisten dan tidak terpengaruh emosi dibanding otoritas Islam yang berbeda penafsiran, dan ada pelibatan emosi. 3)Resistensi penggunaan AI dalam dakwah belum terlalu terlihat karena representasi otoritas Islam yang masuk dalam kategori pengadopsi awal (early adopter) dan inovator, belum terlalu menunjukkan sikap skeptis dan lambat dalam mengadopsi AI.
References
Akmaliah, W. “The demise of moderate Islam: New media, contestation, and reclaiming religious authorities.” Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies 10, no. 1 (2020): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v10i1.1-24.
Akter, Shahriar, Md Afnan Hossain, Shahriar Sajib, Saida Sultana, Mahfuzur Rahman, Demetris Vrontis, dan Grace McCarthy. “A Framework for AI-Powered Service Innovation Capability: Review and Agenda for Future Research.” Technovation 125 (Juli 2023): 102768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2023.102768.
Alsultany, E. Arabs and Muslims in the Media: Race and Representation after 9/11. Arabs and Muslims in the Media: Race and Representation after 9/11, 2012.
Ansari, Meraj Farheen, Bibhu Dash, Pawankumar Sharma, dan Nikhitha Yathiraju. “The Impact and Limitations of Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity: A Literature Review.” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 2022.
“Aplikasi Android di Google Play.” Diakses 5 Agustus 2023. https://play.google.com/store/games?device=windows.
Ashraf, Cameran. “Exploring the Impacts of Artificial Intelligence on Freedom of Religion or Belief Online.” The International Journal of Human Rights 26, no. 5 (28 Mei 2022): 757–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2021.1968376.
Braga, Adriana, dan Robert K. Logan. “The emperor of strong AI has no clothes: limits to artificial intelligence.” Information 8, no. 4 (2017): 156.
Campbell, H.A. When Religion Meets New Media. When Religion Meets New Media, 2010. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203695371.
Creswell, John W, dan J David Creswell. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Sage Publications, 2017.
De La Vega Hernández, Iván Manuel, Angel Serrano Urdaneta, dan Elias Carayannis. “Global Bibliometric Mapping of the Frontier of Knowledge in the Field of Artificial Intelligence for the Period 1990–2019.” Artificial Intelligence Review 56, no. 2 (Februari 2023): 1699–1729. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-022-10206-4.
Erdy Nasrul. “Muhammadiyah Harus Manfaatkan AI untuk Kuatkan Dakwah.” Republika Online, 20 Februari 2023. https://republika.co.id/share/rqcknd451.
Fakhruroji, Moch. “Digitalizing Islamic Lectures: Islamic Apps and Religious Engagement in Contemporary Indonesia.” Contemporary Islam 13, no. 2 (1 Juli 2019): 201–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-018-0427-9.
Farokhi, Z., dan Y. Jiwani. “Contesting Islamophobia, Reimagining Muslims: Shifting Representations and Narratives of Muslims in News Media.” Dalam Systemic Islamophobia in Canada: A Research Agenda, 97–114, 2023.
Fjelland, R. “Why General Artificial Intelligence Will Not Be Realized.” Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 7, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-0494-4.
Fuji E Permana. “Kaitan Artificial Intelligence dan Dakwah Islam.” Republika Online, 5 Maret 2021. https://republika.co.id/share/qphh3o430.
Hassan, H.A., H.A. Qassas, B.S. Alqarni, R.I. Alghuraibi, K.F. Alghannam, dan O.M. Mirza. “Istaqim: An Assistant Application to Correct Prayer for Arab Muslims,” 52–57, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/NCCC57165.2022.10067581.
Koubaa, A., A. Ammar, B. Benjdira, A. Al-Hadid, B. Kawaf, S.A. Al-Yahri, A. Babiker, K. Assaf, dan M. Ba Ras. “Activity Monitoring of Islamic Prayer (Salat) Postures using Deep Learning,” 106–11, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/CDMA47397.2020.00024.
Kurniawan, R., Nurkholis, M.Z. Ahmad Nazri, F. Lestari, R. Salambue, dan Sukamto. “A Web-Based Zakat Recipient Determination System Using the Naïve Bayes Algorithm,” 337–41, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/IC2IE56416.2022.9970014.
Lestari, Puji dan Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Komunikasi. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2021.
Littlejohn, Stephen W, dan Karen A Foss. Theories of human communication. Waveland press, 2017.
Marwantika, Asna Istya. “Potret dan Segmentasi Mad’u Dalam Perkembangan Media di Indonesia.” Al-Adabiya: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Keagamaan 14, no. 01 (2019): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.37680/adabiya.v14i01.100.
———. “TREN KAJIAN DAKWAH DIGITAL DI INDONESIA : SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW.” Proceeding of Conference on Strengthening Islamic Studies in The Digital Era 1, no. 1 (2021): 249–65.
———. “Religious Moderation Campaigns on Social Media: Trend, Content Strategies and Public Sentiment.” Proceeding: International Conference on Islamic Studies (ICIS) IAIN Ponorogo, 30 November 2022, 52–66. https://doi.org/10.21154/icis.v0i0.783.
Marwantika, Asna Istya, dan Evi Novitasari. “Da’i Akademisi Dalam Kontestasi Dakwah Digital : Analisis Media Siber Channel Youtube Transformasi Iswahyudi.” AT-TABSYIR: Jurnal Komunikasi Penyiaran Islam 8, no. 1 (30 Juni 2021): 90. https://doi.org/10.21043/AT-TABSYIR.V8I1.9364.
Marwantika, Asna Istya, dan Dawam Multazamy Rohmatullah. “Buya Yahya’s da’wah message and crisis communication strategy in responding to the Covid-19 pandemic.” Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah 42, no. 2 (2022): 308–26.
Marwantika, Asna, Galih Prabowo, and Ahmanda Fauzi. 2023. “Social Media Literacy Assistance to Ponorogo Instagram Admins As Citizen Journalism Activities”. Amalee: Indonesian Journal of Community Research and Engagement 4 (2), 555 -69. https://doi.org/10.37680/amalee.v4i2.2287.
Mitchell, M. Artificial Intelligence: A Guide for Thinking Humans. Picador, 2020. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=asyxzAEACAAJ.
Mohamed, H.Hj., M.R.Hj.M. Arshad, dan M.D. Azmi. “M-HAJJ DSS: A mobile decision support system for Hajj pilgrims,” 132–36, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCOINS.2016.7783202.
Munshi, A.A., W.H. AlSabban, A.T. Farag, O.E. Rakha, A. Al Sallab, dan M. Alotaibi. “Automated Islamic Jurisprudential Legal Opinions Generation Using Artificial Intelligence.” Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology 30, no. 2 (2022): 1135–56. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.30.2.16.
Nawi, Aliff, Mohd Faiz Mohd Yaakob, Chua Chy Ren, Nor Yazi Khamis, dan Ab Halim Tamuri. “A Preliminary Survey of Muslim Experts’ Views on Artificial Intelligence.” Islāmiyyāt 43, no. 2 (11 November 2021): 3–16.
Nurudin. Perkembangan Teknologi Komunikasi. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada, 2017.
Reed, Randall. “A.I. in Religion, A.I. for Religion, A.I. and Religion: Towards a Theory of Religious Studies and Artificial Intelligence.” Religions 12, no. 6 (31 Mei 2021): 401. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12060401.
Rogers, Everett M. Communication Technology. Simon and Schuster, 1986.
Santosh Gottire. “Generative AI - Early Adoption or FOMO (Fear Of Missing Out) ?” Diakses 5 Agustus 2023. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/generative-ai-early-adoption-fomo-fear-missing-out-gottigere.
Sari, Y., M. Maulida, E. Gunawan, dan J. Wahyudi. “Artificial Intelligence Approach for BAZNAS Website Using K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN),” 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIC54025.2021.9632954.
Smith, Catherine. “Automating intellectual freedom: Artificial intelligence, bias, and the information landscape.” IFLA journal 48, no. 3 (2022): 422–31.
Tzimas, T. “Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights: Their Role in the Evolution of AI.” Zeitschrift Fur Auslandisches Offentliches Recht Und Volkerrecht 80, no. 2 (2020): 533–57.
Vestrucci, Andrea. “Artificial intelligence and in god’s existence: connecting philosophy of religion and computation.” Zygon® 57, no. 4 (Desember 2022): 1000–1018. https://doi.org/10.1111/zygo.12829.
Vinichenko, M.V., O.L. Сhulanova, M.V. Vinogradova, dan L.N. Amozova. “The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Society Views of Islamic Religious Leaders.” European Journal of Science and Theology 16, no. 3 (2020): 67–77.
Zarog, M. “Application of fuzzy logic in evaluating the authenticity of hadith and narrators.” International Journal of Reasoning-based Intelligent Systems 15, no. 2 (2023): 156–64. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJRIS.2023.130205.
