MAULANA MUHAMMAD ALI'S INTERPRETATION OF THE STORY OF ISA/JESUS
Abstract
The concept of birth is understood by Maulana Muhammad Ali as the result of Maryam's marriage to Yusuf. As for the crucifixion, Ali acknowledged the truth of this fact but denied that Jesus died on the cross but died naturally in the Kashmir area. This research is qualitative with its material object, namely the interpretation of Maulana Muhammad Ali in the context of the commentary of The Holy Qur'an. This article uses Gadamer's hermeneutic theory. The results of this study are historical effect or historical influence reveals that Maulana Muhammad Ali experienced a phase of British colonialism which did not only carry out political and economic missions but also aimed at Christian missionaries and friction with Hindu groups. Ali's pre-understanding was dominated by Ahmadiyah ideology. Fusion of horizons raises the assimilation of horizons owned when Maulana Muhammad Ali produced his interpretation, namely that Isa was not claimed to have died during the crucifixion. The application of the interpretation of the story of Isa has a moral message, namely the existence of the same perception of the role model of Isa because he was born from the holy womb of Maryam.
References
Ahmad, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmud. The Holy Qur’an With English Translation and Commentary. British Library Cataloguing. Vol. 2. Surrey: Islam International Publications Limited, 1988.
Ahmad, Muhammad, and Mumtaz Ahmad Faruqui. A Mighty Striving: Life and Work of Maulana Muhammad Ali. Edited by Zahid Aziz. Translated by Akhtar Jabeen Aziz. Ahmadiyya Anjuman Lahore Publications. Second Edi. Wembley: Ahmadiyya Anjuman Lahore Publications, 2020. www.ahmadiyya.org/bookspdf/muj-kabir-uk-online.pdf.
Ahmadi, Wali. Modern Persian Literature in Afghanistan: Anomalous Visions of History and Form. Routledge. Taylor and. New York: Taylor and Francis Group, 2008. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203946022.
Al-Dzahabi. Al-Tafsir Wa Al-Mufassirun. Vol. 1. Kairo: Dar al-Hadits, 2005.
Ali, Maulana Muhammad. History of the Prophets. E-Book. USA: Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha’at Islam Lahore, 2011. www.alahmadiyya.org.
———. Islam Religion Humanity. Revised Ed. Lahore: The Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha’at Islam, 1985.
———. Muhammad and Christ. Ohio: Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha’at Islam Lahore inc. (USA), 1993.
———. The Ahmadiyya Movement. Translated by S. Muhammad Tufail. English Ed. Lahore: Ahmadiyyah Anjuman Isha’at Islam, 1973.
———. The Early Caliphate. Lahore: The Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha’at Islam, 1932.
———. The Founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement. Edited by Zahid Aziz. Edisi ke-3. Wembley: Ahmadiyya Anjuman Lahore Publications, U.K, 2008. https://aaiil.org/text/books/mali/fndrahmd/founderahmadiyyamovement.pdf.
———. The Holy Qur’an: Containing The Arabic Text With English Translation and Commentary. II. Lahore: Ahmadiyya Anjuman-i-Ishaat-i-Islam, 1920.
———. The Religion Of Islam: A Comprehensive Discussion of The Sources, Principles, and Practice of Islam. New Delhi: S. Chand & Company Ltd, 1936.
———. True Conception of The Ahmadiyya Movement. First U.S. Ohio: Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha’at Islam Lahore inc. (USA), 1996.
Armajani, Jon. “Interpretations of Jesus and the Virgin Mary in the Quran and the Bible : A Possible Contribution to Muslim-Christian Cooperation ?” 1, no. 1 (2017): 63–79.
Armstrong, Karen. Sejarah Tuhan. Edited by Yuliani Liputo. Translated by Zaimul Am. XVI. Bandung: Mizan, 2015.
Aziz, Zahid. Centenary of Maulana Muhammad Ali’s English Translation of the Quran. Wembley: Ahmadiyya Anjuman Lahore Publications, U.K, 2017.
Brunton, Bruce. “The East India Company: Agent of Empire in the Early Modern Capitalist Era.” Social Education 77, no. 2 (2013): 78–81.
Andini, NAF, Marwantika, AI.“PRINSIP PERNIKAHAN DALAM AL-QUR’AN DALAM KARYA SENI (Analisis Prinsip Pernikahan dalam Film Belok Kanan Barcelona) | JUSMA: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Masyarakat.” Diakses 30 September 2023. https://ejournal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/jusma/article/view/651.
Azizah, Maftukhatul, dan Asna Istya Marwantika. “CITRA WANITA SHOLEHAH DALAM NOVEL AYAT-AYAT LANGIT: ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS SARA MILLS.” Proceeding of Conference on Strengthening Islamic Studies in The Digital Era 2, no. 1 (31 Oktober 2022): 532–46.
Chilton, Bruce D. Resurrection Logic. Texas: Baylor University Press, 2019.
Fatoohi, Louay. The Mystery of the Crucifixion. Birmingham: Luna Plena Publishing, 2008.
Gadamer, Hans-Georg. Philosophical Hermeneutics. Translated by David E Linge. University of California Press. Second Edi. Los Angeles: University of California Press. Ltd., 2008. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican02061847-154g.
———. Truth and Method. Translated by Joel Weinsheimer and Donald G. Marshall. Continuum. Third Edit. London: Continuum, 2004.
Hamka, Zainuddin. “Pemikiran Kalam Maulana Muhammad Ali.” Ash-Shahabah 6, no. 1 (2020): 75–82. http://journal-uim-makassar.ac.id/index.php/ASH/article/view/349/pdf.
Ihsan, Much. Kamdi. “Peradaban Islam Masa Mughal Di India.” In Dinamika Peradaban Islam: Perspektif Historis, edited by Umar Faruq Thohir and Anis Hidayatul Imtihanah. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Ilmu, 2015.
Ismail, M Syukri. “Rasionalisasi Tafsir Ayat-Ayat Mukjizat: Kajian Tafsir The Holy Qur’an Maulana Muhammad Ali.” Nur El-Islam 3, no. 2 (2016): 1–19.
Joseph, Simon J. Jesus and The Temple: The Crucifixion in Its Jewish Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.
Kamaluddin, Khwaja, and Maulana Sadruddin. “Islamic Review And Muslim India.” The Mosque Woking. Surrey, 1916. https://www.wokingmuslim.org/work/islamic-review/1916/jun16.pdf.
Krishna, Anand. Isa: Hidup Dan Ajaran Sang Masiha. V. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2005.
Lavan, Spencer. The Ahmadiyah Movement: A History and Perspective. I. New Delhi: Manohar Book Service, 1974. file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/(CRL-E-Resources) Spencer Lavan - The Ahmadiyah movement a history and perspective.-Manohar Book Service (1974).pdf.
Lawson, Philip. The East India Company: A History. London: Routledge, 1993. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315845364.
Lembaga Alkitab Indonesia. Alkitab. NL. Jakarta: Percetakan Lembaga Alkitab Indonesia, 2021.
McDowel, Michael, and Nathan Robert Brown. World Religions At Your Fingertips. New York: Alpha Books, 2009.
McDowell, Josh, and Sean McDowell. Evidence for the Resurrection: What It Means for Your Relationship with God. Washington: Baker Books, 2009.
Meier, John P. “Jesus Christ in the New Testament : Part One : The Historical Jesus behind the Gospels” 30, no. 4 (1997): 1–18.
Mroz, Kathleen. “Mary the Bridge Builder : Re- Thinking Patriarchal Portrayals of Mary in Islam and Christianity.” Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies 42, no. 3 (2019): 1–19. http://www.jstor.com/stable/10.33428/jsoutasiamiddeas.42.3.0001.
Razi, Fakhruddin. Tafsir Al-Fakhr Al-Razi. Vol. 31. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr, 1981.
———. Tafsir Al-Fakhri Ar-Razi. Vol. 8. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr, 1981.
S, Woolworth. “A Bibliography Of Koran Texts And Translations.” The Muslim World 17, no. 3 (1927): 279–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.1927.tb00678.x.
Sarkar, Tanika. “Gendering of Public and Private Selves in Colonial Times.” In India And The British Empire, edited by Douglas M. Peers and Nandini Gooptu, 1–27. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199259885.001.0001.
Scammell, Geoffr V. The First Imperial Age: European Overseas Expansion c. 1400-1715. Canada: Routledge, 1989.
Smith, Wilfred Cantwell. Modern Islam In India: A Social Analysis. Lahore: Minerva Book Shop, 1943.
Svensson, Jonas. “Computing Qur’ans: A Suggestion for a Digital Humanities Approach to the Question of Interrelations between English Qur’an Translations.” Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations 30, no. 2 (2019): 211–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/09596410.2019.1603414.
Syamsuddin, Sahiron. Hermeneutika Dan Pengembangan Ilmu Al-Qur’an. Yogyakarta: Pesantren Nawesea Press, 2017.
Thabathaba’i, Muhammad Husain. Al-Mizan Fi Tafsiril Qur’an. Vol. 3. Beirut: Muassasah al-A’lami lil Mathbu’at, 1997.
Wright, Nicholas Thomas. The Day The Revolution Began: Reconsidering the Meaning of Jesus’s Crucifixion. First Edit. San Francisco: HarperOne, 2016.
Zahroh, Fatiha, rohmah, fitri lailatul, udin, khair, AND marwantika, asna. " Revitalisasi Pembelajaran Al-Qur'an untuk Mengantisipasi Learning Loss di Desa Bekare Bungkal Ponorogo Pasca Pandemi" PISCES : Proceeding of Integrative Science Education Seminar [Online], Volume 2 Number 1 (28 December 2022)
Ahmad, Muhammad, and Mumtaz Ahmad Faruqui. A Mighty Striving: Life and Work of Maulana Muhammad Ali. Edited by Zahid Aziz. Translated by Akhtar Jabeen Aziz. Ahmadiyya Anjuman Lahore Publications. Second Edi. Wembley: Ahmadiyya Anjuman Lahore Publications, 2020. www.ahmadiyya.org/bookspdf/muj-kabir-uk-online.pdf.
Ahmadi, Wali. Modern Persian Literature in Afghanistan: Anomalous Visions of History and Form. Routledge. Taylor and. New York: Taylor and Francis Group, 2008. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203946022.
Al-Dzahabi. Al-Tafsir Wa Al-Mufassirun. Vol. 1. Kairo: Dar al-Hadits, 2005.
Ali, Maulana Muhammad. History of the Prophets. E-Book. USA: Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha’at Islam Lahore, 2011. www.alahmadiyya.org.
———. Islam Religion Humanity. Revised Ed. Lahore: The Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha’at Islam, 1985.
———. Muhammad and Christ. Ohio: Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha’at Islam Lahore inc. (USA), 1993.
———. The Ahmadiyya Movement. Translated by S. Muhammad Tufail. English Ed. Lahore: Ahmadiyyah Anjuman Isha’at Islam, 1973.
———. The Early Caliphate. Lahore: The Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha’at Islam, 1932.
———. The Founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement. Edited by Zahid Aziz. Edisi ke-3. Wembley: Ahmadiyya Anjuman Lahore Publications, U.K, 2008. https://aaiil.org/text/books/mali/fndrahmd/founderahmadiyyamovement.pdf.
———. The Holy Qur’an: Containing The Arabic Text With English Translation and Commentary. II. Lahore: Ahmadiyya Anjuman-i-Ishaat-i-Islam, 1920.
———. The Religion Of Islam: A Comprehensive Discussion of The Sources, Principles, and Practice of Islam. New Delhi: S. Chand & Company Ltd, 1936.
———. True Conception of The Ahmadiyya Movement. First U.S. Ohio: Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha’at Islam Lahore inc. (USA), 1996.
Armajani, Jon. “Interpretations of Jesus and the Virgin Mary in the Quran and the Bible : A Possible Contribution to Muslim-Christian Cooperation ?” 1, no. 1 (2017): 63–79.
Armstrong, Karen. Sejarah Tuhan. Edited by Yuliani Liputo. Translated by Zaimul Am. XVI. Bandung: Mizan, 2015.
Aziz, Zahid. Centenary of Maulana Muhammad Ali’s English Translation of the Quran. Wembley: Ahmadiyya Anjuman Lahore Publications, U.K, 2017.
Brunton, Bruce. “The East India Company: Agent of Empire in the Early Modern Capitalist Era.” Social Education 77, no. 2 (2013): 78–81.
Andini, NAF, Marwantika, AI.“PRINSIP PERNIKAHAN DALAM AL-QUR’AN DALAM KARYA SENI (Analisis Prinsip Pernikahan dalam Film Belok Kanan Barcelona) | JUSMA: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Masyarakat.” Diakses 30 September 2023. https://ejournal.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/jusma/article/view/651.
Azizah, Maftukhatul, dan Asna Istya Marwantika. “CITRA WANITA SHOLEHAH DALAM NOVEL AYAT-AYAT LANGIT: ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS SARA MILLS.” Proceeding of Conference on Strengthening Islamic Studies in The Digital Era 2, no. 1 (31 Oktober 2022): 532–46.
Chilton, Bruce D. Resurrection Logic. Texas: Baylor University Press, 2019.
Fatoohi, Louay. The Mystery of the Crucifixion. Birmingham: Luna Plena Publishing, 2008.
Gadamer, Hans-Georg. Philosophical Hermeneutics. Translated by David E Linge. University of California Press. Second Edi. Los Angeles: University of California Press. Ltd., 2008. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican02061847-154g.
———. Truth and Method. Translated by Joel Weinsheimer and Donald G. Marshall. Continuum. Third Edit. London: Continuum, 2004.
Hamka, Zainuddin. “Pemikiran Kalam Maulana Muhammad Ali.” Ash-Shahabah 6, no. 1 (2020): 75–82. http://journal-uim-makassar.ac.id/index.php/ASH/article/view/349/pdf.
Ihsan, Much. Kamdi. “Peradaban Islam Masa Mughal Di India.” In Dinamika Peradaban Islam: Perspektif Historis, edited by Umar Faruq Thohir and Anis Hidayatul Imtihanah. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Ilmu, 2015.
Ismail, M Syukri. “Rasionalisasi Tafsir Ayat-Ayat Mukjizat: Kajian Tafsir The Holy Qur’an Maulana Muhammad Ali.” Nur El-Islam 3, no. 2 (2016): 1–19.
Joseph, Simon J. Jesus and The Temple: The Crucifixion in Its Jewish Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.
Kamaluddin, Khwaja, and Maulana Sadruddin. “Islamic Review And Muslim India.” The Mosque Woking. Surrey, 1916. https://www.wokingmuslim.org/work/islamic-review/1916/jun16.pdf.
Krishna, Anand. Isa: Hidup Dan Ajaran Sang Masiha. V. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2005.
Lavan, Spencer. The Ahmadiyah Movement: A History and Perspective. I. New Delhi: Manohar Book Service, 1974. file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/(CRL-E-Resources) Spencer Lavan - The Ahmadiyah movement a history and perspective.-Manohar Book Service (1974).pdf.
Lawson, Philip. The East India Company: A History. London: Routledge, 1993. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315845364.
Lembaga Alkitab Indonesia. Alkitab. NL. Jakarta: Percetakan Lembaga Alkitab Indonesia, 2021.
McDowel, Michael, and Nathan Robert Brown. World Religions At Your Fingertips. New York: Alpha Books, 2009.
McDowell, Josh, and Sean McDowell. Evidence for the Resurrection: What It Means for Your Relationship with God. Washington: Baker Books, 2009.
Meier, John P. “Jesus Christ in the New Testament : Part One : The Historical Jesus behind the Gospels” 30, no. 4 (1997): 1–18.
Mroz, Kathleen. “Mary the Bridge Builder : Re- Thinking Patriarchal Portrayals of Mary in Islam and Christianity.” Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies 42, no. 3 (2019): 1–19. http://www.jstor.com/stable/10.33428/jsoutasiamiddeas.42.3.0001.
Razi, Fakhruddin. Tafsir Al-Fakhr Al-Razi. Vol. 31. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr, 1981.
———. Tafsir Al-Fakhri Ar-Razi. Vol. 8. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr, 1981.
S, Woolworth. “A Bibliography Of Koran Texts And Translations.” The Muslim World 17, no. 3 (1927): 279–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.1927.tb00678.x.
Sarkar, Tanika. “Gendering of Public and Private Selves in Colonial Times.” In India And The British Empire, edited by Douglas M. Peers and Nandini Gooptu, 1–27. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199259885.001.0001.
Scammell, Geoffr V. The First Imperial Age: European Overseas Expansion c. 1400-1715. Canada: Routledge, 1989.
Smith, Wilfred Cantwell. Modern Islam In India: A Social Analysis. Lahore: Minerva Book Shop, 1943.
Svensson, Jonas. “Computing Qur’ans: A Suggestion for a Digital Humanities Approach to the Question of Interrelations between English Qur’an Translations.” Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations 30, no. 2 (2019): 211–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/09596410.2019.1603414.
Syamsuddin, Sahiron. Hermeneutika Dan Pengembangan Ilmu Al-Qur’an. Yogyakarta: Pesantren Nawesea Press, 2017.
Thabathaba’i, Muhammad Husain. Al-Mizan Fi Tafsiril Qur’an. Vol. 3. Beirut: Muassasah al-A’lami lil Mathbu’at, 1997.
Wright, Nicholas Thomas. The Day The Revolution Began: Reconsidering the Meaning of Jesus’s Crucifixion. First Edit. San Francisco: HarperOne, 2016.
Zahroh, Fatiha, rohmah, fitri lailatul, udin, khair, AND marwantika, asna. " Revitalisasi Pembelajaran Al-Qur'an untuk Mengantisipasi Learning Loss di Desa Bekare Bungkal Ponorogo Pasca Pandemi" PISCES : Proceeding of Integrative Science Education Seminar [Online], Volume 2 Number 1 (28 December 2022)
Published
2023-09-30
How to Cite
WIJAYA, Roma; MUTA'ALLIM, Muta'allim.
MAULANA MUHAMMAD ALI'S INTERPRETATION OF THE STORY OF ISA/JESUS.
Proceeding of Conference on Strengthening Islamic Studies in The Digital Era, [S.l.], v. 3, n. 1, p. 104-123, sep. 2023.
ISSN 2808-4675.
Available at: <https://prosiding.iainponorogo.ac.id/index.php/ficosis/article/view/869>. Date accessed: 21 dec. 2024.
